English Grammar in Hindi	English Grammar in English	English Grammar Quiz
Tense	Tense	Tense
Noun	Noun	Noun
Pronoun	Pronoun	Pronoun
Adjective	Adjectives	Adjective
Verb	Verb	Verb
Adverb	Adverb	Adverb
Preposition	Preposition	Preposition
Conjunction	Conjunction	Conjunction
Subject-Verb Agreement	Subject-Verb Agreement	Subject-Verb Agreement
Modal	Modals	Modal
Article	Article	Article
Preposition	Preposition	Preposition
Non finite verbs	Non finite verbs	Non finite verbs
Degree	Degree	Degree
Determination	Determination	Determination
Tag Question	Tag Question	Tag Question
Synthesis	Synthesis	Synthesis
One word	One word	One word
Idioms	Idioms	Idioms
Synonyms	Synonyms	Synonyms
Antonyms	Antonyms	Antonyms
Direct Indirect	Direct Indirect	Direct Indirect
Active Passive	Active Passive voice	Active Passive

Synthesis means the combination of several simple essay sentences into one new sentence or  phrase.

The following word are used to connect one or more sentence in to one sentence.
[If], [Unless], [ As if], [As through], [Although], [Through], [Too ..to], [So ... that ... not], [ As soon as], [No sooner], [Since], [As], [Because], [Participles], [In th event of], [In spite of], [Would rather], [If only].

Example-1 :

“ If ” and “ unless ” clause :

• He did not preparation well. He did not get good marks. ( If )
  If he had prepared well, he would have got good marks.
• Work hard, you will pass. (If)
  If you work hard, you will pass.
• You must work hard. You will fail. (Unless)
  Unless you work hard, you will fail.
• Be honest. You will be praised. (If)
  If you are hones, you will be praised.

Example-2 :

“ As if ”, “ As though ” :

• Mr.Bill is not a rich man. But he talks like one. (as though)
  Mr.Bill talks as though he were a rich man.
• Sachin spoke like a great orator. (as if)
  Sachin spoke as if he were a great orator

Example-3 :

“ Although ”, “ Though ” :

• He is poor. But he is generous. (Though)
  Though he is poor, he is generous.
• She danced well. But she did not get the prize. (Although)
  Although she danced well, she did not get the prize.
• He is young. But he is wise. (Though)
  Though he is young, he is wise.

Example-4 :

“ Too...to ”, “ So...that...not ” :

• She is very weak. So she cannot walk. (too...to)
  She istoo weak to walk.
• This letter is too long for me to read now. (So...that...not)
  This letter is so long for me that I cannot read now.
• Rahman is too weak to walk. (So...that...not...)
  Rahman is so weak that he cannotwalk.

Example-5

“ As soon as ”, “ No sooner ” :

• I saw my mother. Atonce I ran to meet her. (As soon as)
  As soon as I saw my mother. I ran to meet her.
• The teacher enters the class. Atonce the boys stand up. (As soon as)
  As soon as The teacher enters the class, the boys stand up.
• As soon as he saw a snake he ran away. (No sooner)
  No sooner did he see a snake than he ran away.

Example-6 :

“ Since ”, “ As ”, “ Because ” :

• She did not study well. So she failed in the examination. (Since)
  Since she did not study well, she failed in the examination.
• Kamal is blind. So he cannot see me. (As)
  As Kamal is blind he cannot see me.
• I like you. I shall help you. (because)
  Because I like you, I shall help you.

Example-7 :

Participles :

• He saw the tiger and ran away. (seeing)
  Seeing the tiger, he ran away.
• He returned to England and started a business. (Having)
  Having returned to England, he started a business.
• I saw her walk along the road. (walking)
  I saw her walking along the road.

Example-8 :

“ In the event of ”

• If you study well, you will pass the examination. (In the event of)
  In the event of you studying well, you will pass the examination.

Example--9:

“ In spite of ”

• She worked hard. But she failed. (I spite of)
  I spite of her working hard, she failed.
• Though he was poor, he was generous. (In spite of)
  In spite of his being poor, he was generous.

Example-10 :

“ Would rather ”

• I prefer to write. I don’t want to speek. (would rather)
  I would rather write than speak.

Example-11 :

“ If only ”

• The dog barked loudly. I did not like it. (if only)
  If only the dog had not barked, I would have liked it.

  What are determiners?

• Determiners to be words that come before you start of the noun phrase. 
• They show whether the actual noun expression is specific or standard.
• Determiners tend to be either specific or standard.

The general determiners are: a, an, any, another, Other, what
the articles : a / an / the
demonstratives : this / that / these / those
possessives (aka possessive adjectives): my / your /his / her / its / our / your / their

For example:-

"The dog barked at the boy."
"These apples are rotten."
"Their bus was late."
"Have you seen my keys?"


The precise determiners are usually:

•     the definite article: the 
•  possessives: my, your, his, her, its; our, their, whose
• demonstratives: this, that, these, those 
• interrogatives: which

 

More general determiners are quantifiers:

a few a little all another any

both each either enough every

few fewer less little many more most much

neither no other several some

A non- finite verb is a form of a verb that does not have a subject and and does not exhibit tense and number in an independent clause or sentence. In English, the non-finite verb forms are infinitives and gerunds and participles. Non-finite verbs are distinguished from finite verbs which show a distinction in tense and number, and may stand alone as the main verb in an independent clause.

Verbs which have the past or the present form are called FINITE verbs. Verbs in any other form (infinitive, -ing, or -ed) are called NON FINITE verbs.

Examples

They are writing the letter. - They is a subject; are is a finite; writing is a non-finite verb (which does not exhibit tense nor number); the match is an object.
They wrote the letter . - They is a subject; wrote is a finite verb; the letter is an object.

Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front of gerund verbs).

Prepositions – Time

English	Usage	Example
on	days of the week	on Monday
in	months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?)	in August / in winter in the morning in 2006 in an hour
at	for night for weekend a certain point of time (when?)	at night at the weekend at half past nine
since	from a certain point of time (past till now)	since 1980
for	over a certain period of time (past till now)	for 2 years
ago	a certain time in the past	2 years ago
before	earlier than a certain point of time	before 2004
to	telling the time	ten to six (5:50)
past	telling the time	ten past six (6:10)
to / till / until	marking the beginning and end of a period of time	from Monday to/till Friday
till / until	in the sense of how long something is going to last	He is on holiday until Friday.
by	in the sense of at the latest up to a certain time	I will be back by 6 o’clock. By 11 o'clock, I had read five pages.

Prepositions – Place (Position and Direction)

English	Usage	Example
in	room, building, street, town, country book, paper etc. car, taxi picture, world	in the kitchen, in London in the book in the car, in a taxi in the picture, in the world
at	meaning next to, by an object for table for events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)	at the door, at the station at the table at a concert, at the party at the cinema, at school, at work
on	attached for a place with a river being on a surface for a certain side (left, right) for a floor in a house for public transport for television, radio	the picture on the wall London lies on the Thames. on the table on the left on the first floor on the bus, on a plane on TV, on the radio
by, next to, beside	left or right of somebody or something	Jane is standing by / next to / beside the car.
under	on the ground, lower than (or covered by) something else	the bag is under the table
below	lower than something else but above ground	the fish are below the surface
over	covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side (also across) overcoming an obstacle	put a jacket over your shirt over 16 years of age walk over the bridge climb over the wall
above	higher than something else, but not directly over it	a path above the lake
across	getting to the other side (also over) getting to the other side	walk across the bridge swim across the lake
through	something with limits on top, bottom and the sides	drive through the tunnel
to	movement to person or building movement to a place or country for bed	go to the cinema go to London / Ireland go to bed
into	enter a room / a building	go into the kitchen / the house
towards	movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)	go 5 steps towards the house
onto	movement to the top of something	jump onto the table
from	in the sense of where from	a flower from the garden

Other important Prepositions

English	Usage	Example
from	who gave it	a present from Jane
of	who/what does it belong to what does it show	a page of the book the picture of a palace
by	who made it	a book by Mark Twain
on	walking or riding on horseback entering a public transport vehicle	on foot, on horseback get on the bus
in	entering a car  / Taxi	get in the car
off	leaving a public transport vehicle	get off the train
out of	leaving a car  / Taxi	get out of the taxi
by	rise or fall of something travelling (other than walking or horseriding)	prices have risen by 10 percent by car, by bus
at	for age	she learned Russian at 45
about	for topics, meaning what about	we were talking about you

  Direct Speech :

The places of subject and object in sentence are inter-changed in passive voice. 3rd form of verb (past participle) will be used only (as main verb) in passive voice.


In active voice 

  Adam cleaned the kitchen

in passive voice  

  The kitchen was cleaned by Adam

 Formation of the passive form

Active	Passive
Present simple  She does the homework.	am/are/is + past participle  The homework is done (by her).
Past simple  He did the homework.	was/were + past participle  The homework was done (by him).
Present continuous  She is doing the homework.	am/are/is + being + past participle  The homework is being done (by her).
Past continuous  He was doing the homework	was/were + being + past participle  The homework was being done (by him).
Present perfect  She has done the homework.	have/has + been + past participle  The homework has been done (by her)
Past perfect  He had done the homework.	had + been + past participle  The homework had been done (by him).
future (will)  She will do the homework.	will + been + past participle  The homework will be done (by her).
future (going to) He is going to do the homework.	am/are/is going to + be + past participle  The homework is going to be done (by him).
Infinitive  She wants to do the homework.	to be + past participle  She wants the homework to be done (by her).
Modal  He can do the homework.	modal + be + past participle  The homework can be done (by him).
Gerund  They are building the house.	being + past participle  The house is being built.
Present Conditional When I have time, I do the filing.	get +past participle  When I have time, the filing gets done

  Indefinite 1         cont 2              per 3       per. con 4

2	2	4	0
2	2	4	0
2	0	4	0

Here  in second table a simple trick to understand change of sentence in passive voice.
code 2 = continuous
code 4=  perfect continuous
code 0 = no change

Present indefinite will change according to position no.2 or continuous, however present continuous change according to position no.2 or no change.

Intransitive and stative verbs
Intransitive verbs are verbs that have a subject but don’t have an object.
Ex: run, fall, die, sleep, arrive

Use of preposition after following verbs
Not:- surprised, astonished, satisfied + at
         pleased, interested, + in
         known + to

Change in pronouns
subject          object
  I                    me
  we                 us
  He                 him
  She               her
  they               them

1. when sentence start with wh- words in passive voice same started wh- words.
    but when sentence start with who in passive voice add By before whom.

    example: 1. why did America attack Taliban ? (active voice)
                     why was Taliban attacked by America ? (passive voice)

                 2. who broke this cup? (active voice)
                     By whom was this cup broken ? (passive voice)

Whom--------who
who-----------By whom

sentence of ORDER

Let +object + be + v3

1. Do it .
    let it be done.

2. shut the door.
   let the door be shut. 
 
sentence of suggestion

object + should be + v3

sentence of Request

In passivise voice skip please, kindly and begin if sentence is affirmative YOU ARE REQUEST TO 
and in negative sentence YOU ARE REQUESTED NOT TO  

1. please shut the door.
    you are request to shut the door.

sentence begin with Let 

Let + object +be+ v3 + by + subject 

Begin with nobody/ no one   

In passive voice skip nobody/ no one and make negative sentence.
 1. No body can answer such question.
     such question can not be answer 

begin with It is time

1. It is time to open the office.
    it is time for the office to be opened.

2. it is time to shut the shop.
    it is time for the shop to be shut.

                     

about to (do something)
- to be on the point of doing something
I was about to leave when the phone rang.

according to (someone or something)

- as said or told by someone, in agreement with something, in the order of something, in proportion to something
According to our teacher, there will be no class next week.
We did everything according to the terms of our agreement.
We will dress for the hike, according to the weather.

account for (something)

- to provide an explanation or an answer for something
The bad weather accounts for the fact that few people came to the meeting.

after all

- considering the fact that something happened or happens, something that is usually assumed
"You don't need to phone him. After all, he never phones you."

all of a sudden

- suddenly, without advance warning
All of a sudden, it became cloudy and began to rain.

as a matter of fact

- actually
"As a matter of fact, we have been to the sports stadium many times."

as far as

- to the extent or degree of something
As far as I know, the movie will start in a few minutes.

as for

- with regard to, concerning
"As for myself, I think that I will return home now."

as if

- in the same way that something would be, that
The drink tastes as if it were made with orange juice.
It seemed as if the whole school came to the concert.

as long as

- provided that, on condition that
"As long as you promise to be careful, you can borrow my car."

as soon as

- just after something, when
I phoned my friend as soon as I finished dinner.

as to

- with regard to, according to
"As to your question, I will answer it tomorrow."
The players were put into groups as to their ability.

as well

- in addition, also, too
I plan to take swimming lessons this summer. I plan to take a computer course as well.

as well as (someone or something)

- in addition to someone or something
"Please bring your swimming suit as well as your towel."

B Idioms

back and forth

- backwards and forwards, first one way and then the other way
The argument with the lawyer went back and forth before the judge made a decision.

better off

- to be in a better situation than before
My friend would be better off if he sold his old car and bought a new one.

break down (something) or break (something) down

- to divide something into parts, to separate something into simpler substances
We tried to break down the problem for further study.
The sugar began to break down soon after it was swallowed.

break up or break up (something) or break (something) up

- to separate, to divide into groups or pieces, to put an end to something
I hope that my favorite band does not break up.
The students did not want to break up their groups.
The coach decided to break the team up into small groups.

by the way

- incidentally
"By the way, could you please bring your laptop computer tomorrow."

C Idioms

carry out (something) or carry (something) out

- to put something into action, to accomplish something, to do something
The scientist wanted to carry out more experiments before discussing the new medicine.

come on!

- please, hurry, go faster
"Come on, I only have a few minutes before I must go."
"Come on, stop doing that."

come up

- to happen unexpectedly
I will not be able to go to the party if something else comes up.

come up with (something)

- to produce or find a thought or idea or answer
I tried to come up with a name for the new magazine.

D Idioms

deal with (something)

- to be concerned with something, to take action about something
We will deal with the boxes tomorrow.

E Idioms

end up (doing something or going somewhere)

- to do something that one had not planned to do, to go somewhere one had not planned to go
We ended up watching a movie last night.
We ended up going to a restaurant after the movie last night.

F Idioms

figure out (someone or something) or figure (someone or something) out

- to try to understand someone or something, to solve something
I finally figured out how to use the new computer software.

fill in (something) or fill (something) in

- to write words in blank spaces
"Please fill in this form and give it to the receptionist."
I filled the form in and gave it to the receptionist.

find out (something)

- to learn or discover something
My mother is angry with me because she found out that I had quit my French class.

first of all

- the very first thing
First of all, we prepared the garden and then we planted the seeds.

for good

- permanently
The city plans to close the public swimming pool for good.

for sure

- without doubt, certainly, surely
"I will go to the movie with you for sure next week."

G Idioms

get back to (something)

- to return to something
I was happy to get back to my work after my holiday.

get into (something)

- to become interested or involved in something
I do not want to get into an argument with my friend.
We will get into the details of the plan tomorrow.

get into (somewhere)

- to enter somewhere
My friend wants to get into a good university.
I bumped my head as I was getting into the car.

get out of (somewhere)

- to leave somewhere, to escape from somewhere
I have an appointment and I want to get out of my house quickly.

get rid of (something)

- to give or throw something away, to sell or destroy something, to make a cold or fever disappear
I bought a new television so I want to get rid of my old one.

get through (something)

- to complete something, to finish something
My friend is having trouble getting through her final exams.
I have much reading that I must get through before tomorrow.

go ahead

- to begin to do something
"Let`s go ahead and start now. We can`t wait any longer."

go on

- to continue
The game will probably go on for an hour after we leave.

go over (something)

- to examine or review something
The accountant will go over our books tomorrow.
We plan to go over that question tomorrow.

go through (something)

- to discuss something, to look at something, to do something
The teacher decided to go through the exercise before the test.

go with (something)

- to choose one thing rather than another
We decided to go with the small rental car rather than the large one.

H Idioms

hang out (somewhere or with someone)

- to spend one`s time with no great purpose, to spend leisure time with friends
Recently, my friend has been hanging out with a bad group of people.

have (something) to do with (something)

- to be about something, to be on the subject of something, to be related to something
"The book has something to do with cooking but I am not sure if you will like it."
That problem has nothing to do with me.

hold on

- to wait a minute, to stop, to wait and not hang up the phone
"Please hold on for a minute while I lock the door."
"Hold on, don't say anything, I can't hear the speaker."

I Idioms

in a way

- to a certain extent, a little, somewhat
In a way, I want to go to the new restaurant, but in a way I do not really care.

in case

- if, if something should happen
I will take my umbrella in case it rains.

in common

- shared together or equally, in use or ownership by all
I had nothing in common with the other members of the class.

in detail

- giving all the details, item by item
The saleswoman explained the new product in detail.

in effect

- for practical purposes, basically
The man's silence was in effect a way of disagreeing with the other people in the meeting.

in fact

- actually, the truth is
The man has been to China before. In fact, he has been there three times.

in favor of (someone or something)

- to approve or support someone or something
Everybody is in favor of the new police chief.
My company is not in favor of changing our holiday schedule.

in general

- in most situations or circumstances
In general, most of the people are happy with the new manager.

in order to

- for the purpose of
They have decided to close down the school for the summer in order to do some major repairs.

in other words

- in a different (usually more direct) way
"In other words, if you do not finish the assignment by Wednesday, you will not pass the course."

in place

- in the proper place or location
Everything in the room was in place when we arrived for the meeting.

in some ways

- in some unspecified way or manner, by some unspecified means
In some ways, I know what my friend wants to say but in other ways, I do not.

in terms of (something)

- with regard to something
In terms of our agreement with the other company, we are not allowed to sell the products online.

in time

- with enough time to do something, within a certain time, before a time limit expires
I did not arrive home in time to meet my cousin.
The girl is working hard to finish her homework in time to go to a movie.

K Idioms

keep (someone or something) in mind

- to remember and think about someone or something
I told my friend to keep the time that I must leave for work in mind.
If I need someone to help fix my computer, I usually keep my friend in mind.

kind of

- somewhat, more or less, moderately
I was kind of tired when I arrived home last night.

L Idioms

look for (something)

- to try to find something, to hunt or search for something
My friend has been looking for her credit card all morning but she cannot find it.

look up (something) or look (something) up

- to search for something in a dictionary or other book
I will look up my friend's name in the telephone book.
I looked the word up in the dictionary.

M Idioms

make a difference

- to cause a change in a situation, to change the nature of something
It does not make a difference whether our boss comes to the meeting or not.
If I study hard this weekend, it should make a difference in my test results next week.

make sense

- to seem reasonable
The manager's new proposal makes sense.

make sure

- to make certain, to establish something without a doubt
I want to make sure that my friend will meet me tomorrow.

more or less

- somewhat, to some extent
I more or less have decided to study business next year.

N Idioms

no matter

- regardless
No matter how hard that I try, my music teacher is never satisfied.

not at all

- certainly not, absolutely not
I am not at all happy with my new computer.

O Idioms

of course

- certainly, definitely, naturally
"Of course you can use my car if you want to."

on the other hand

- however, in contrast, looking at the opposite side of a matter
He is very intelligent but on the other hand he is lazy and always gets low marks at school.

on time

- at the scheduled time, exactly at the correct time, punctually
Our train arrived exactly on time.

once again

- again, one more time, once more
I tried once again to phone my boss at his home .

open to (something)

- to be agreeable to learn or hear about new ideas or suggestions
Most members of the class were open to the teacher's ideas.
Our boss is always open to new ideas.

P Idioms

pick up (something) or pick (something) up

- to get or receive something
I will pick up my dry cleaning tomorrow.
I picked up a copy of the newspaper at the station.

point out (someone or something) or point (someone or something) out

- to explain or call attention to someone or something
My teacher was very kind when she pointed out the mistakes that I had made.

put out (something) or put (something) out

- to produce or make something (a product or brochure or report or CD or movie or paper)
The company puts out a newsletter every month for the employees.

R Idioms

regardless of (something)

- without considering or thinking about something, without regard to something, in spite of something
Regardless of the weather, we are going to go fishing tomorrow morning.

right away

- immediately
"I forgot my book at home but I will go and get it right away."

rule out (someone or something) or rule (someone or something) out

- to decide against or eliminate someone or something
The police ruled out the man as a possible bank robber.
We decided to rule Monday out as the day to have our meeting.

run into (something - a fact or trouble or problems or difficulty)

- to experience something, to encounter something
The mechanic ran into trouble when he was fixing my car.
I ran into some interesting facts while I was researching my essay.

S Idioms

set up (something) or set (something) up

- to establish something, to provide the money for something
The newspaper company provided the money to set up the new travel magazine.
The company set up a unique system to test the new product.

show up

- to appear, to arrive, to be present
"What time did your friend show up for the party?"

so far

- until now
So far, no one has entered the speech contest at the television station.

so to speak

- as one might or could say, this is one way to say something
We had a good time at the restaurant, so to speak, although the service was not very good.

sort of (something)

- to be almost something, to be similar to something, to be not quite something
"Did you finish cleaning the kitchen?"
"Sort of, but not really."

stick with (something)

- to continue doing something, to not quit something
The boy has been able to stick with his music lessons since he was a child.

T Idioms

take advantage of (someone or something)

- to use someone or something for one's own benefit
We took advantage of the beautiful weather and went to the beach.

take care of (someone or something)

- to look after or give attention to someone or something
It is good to take care of your health or you will become sick.

take out (something) or take (something) out

- to remove something from somewhere
The teacher told us to take out our books.
I took out some onions from the refridgerator.

take over (something) or take (something) over

- to take control of something, to take command of something
The large company wants to take over the small company in our town.

take place

- to happen, to occur
The soccer game took place on the coldest day of the year.

to the extent that

- to the degree that, in so far as
I plan to provide information about the new company policy, to the extent that I am familiar with it.

turn in (something) or turn (something) in

- to give something to someone, to hand something to someone
I arrived at school early so that I could turn in my essay.

turn out

- to be found or known, to prove to be true
It turned out that more people came to the meeting than we had expected.

U Idioms

up to

- until, as far as a certain point, approaching a certain point
Up to last week, I had never been inside a bowling alley.
There were probably up to thirty people at the meeting.

up to (someone) to decide (something) or do (something)

- to be responsible to choose or decide something
It is up to the company president to decide when the meeting will start.

used to (something)

- accustomed to something
My friend is not used to living in such a big city.

W Idioms

with respect to (something)

- referring to something, concerning something
I do not know what the company will do with respect to the old computer system.

work out

- to end successfully
I hope that everything will work out for my friend when she moves next month.