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Buddhism and Jainism Questions and Answers in Hindi

Bhagwan budha

प्रश्न 1. गौतम  बुद्ध का जनम जन्म कहा हुआ ?
उत्तर   लुम्बिनी।
प्रश्न2.  लुम्बिनी किसका धार्मिक स्थल है ?
उत्तर   बौद्धों का।
प्रश्न 3. "बुद्ध " शब्द का तात्पर्य होता होता है ?
उत्तर   एक ज्ञान सम्पन्न व्यक्ति।
प्रश्न 4. अजंता गुफाओ का निर्वाण किस के काल में किया गया था ?
उत्तर  गुप्तों के काल में
प्रश्न 5. गौतम बुद्ध कि मृत्यु कहा हुई ?
उत्तर    कुशीनगर  में
प्रश्न 6. किसके काल में गौतम बुद्ध ने महापरिनिर्वाण प्राप्त किया ?
उत्तर    मल्लो के
प्रश्न 7.  गौतम बुद्ध को कौनसी जगह ज्ञान प्राप्त हुआ ?
उत्तर    बोधगया
प्रश्न 8.  बोधगया में बुद्ध को किस वृक्ष के नीचे ज्ञान प्राप्त हुआ ?
उत्तर    बोधि
प्रश्न 9.  भगवन बुद्ध ने अपना प्रथम उपदेश कहा दिया था ?
उत्तर    सारनाथ में।
प्रश्न 10. सारनाथ  में बुद्ध का प्रथम  प्रवचन कहलाता है ?
उत्तर     धर्मचक्र प्रवर्तन
प्रश्न 11. कामरूप किसका प्राचीन नाम था ?
उत्तर     असम का।
प्रश्न 12. जातक पवित्र ग्रन्थ है ?
उत्तर      बौद्धों का
प्रश्न 13.  बौद्ध धर्म के प्रचार प्रसार के लिए कौनसी भाषा का प्रयोग किया गया ?
उत्तर     पाली
प्रश्न 14. बुद्ध ने आपना उपदेश सामान्यत : किस भाषा में दिए ?
उत्तर     पाली
प्रश्न 15.  बुद्ध के उपदेशो का सार किस में दिया गया है ?
उत्तर     "सुत पिटक " में।
प्रश्न 16.  बुद्ध के समकालीन चीन में कौन था ?
उत्तर      कन्फूशियस

प्रश्न17. भगवान  महावीर के जन्म एवं म्रत्यु कि तिथि है ?
उत्तर   जन्म 599 ई. पू. एव म्रत्यु 527 ई. पू.  यह एक मतभेद है जन्म 540 ई. पू. एव म्रत्यु 468 ई. पू. मानते है, लेकिन प्रथम वाली तिथि अधिक मान्य है।
Bhagwan Mahaveer.
प्रश्न18. महावीर का जन्म कहा हुआ था ?
उत्तर    कुण्डलग्राम (वैशाली )
प्रश्न 19. महावीर  किस राजघराने में पैदा हुआ था ?
उत्तर    क्षत्रिय
प्रश्न 20. साँची (मध्यप्रदेश ) किसकी कला व मूर्तिकला का निरूपण करता है ?
उत्तर    बौद्धों
प्रश्न 21. बुद्धो के उपदेशो का मुख्य सम्बन्ध था ?
उत्तर    विचारो और चरित्र की शुद्धता
प्रश्न 22. आजीवक संप्रदाय के संस्थापक कौन थे ?
उत्तर   मक्खली गोशाल
प्रश्न 23. कपलवस्तु सम्बंधित है ?
उत्तर     भगवन बुद्ध से
 प्रश्न 24. महावीर एव बुद्ध दोनों ने किसके शासनकाल में उपदेश दिया ?
उत्तर     बिम्बिसार
प्रश्न 25. बोद्ध एव जैन धर्म किसके पर्याय है
उत्तर     अहिंसा के
प्रश्न 26. चतुर्थ बोद्ध सम्मलेन किसके शासन काल में हुआ था ?
उत्तर     कनिष्क
प्रश्न 27.  बौद्धधर्म से  सम्बन्ध अर्धगोलाकार अंत्येष्टि संबन्धी टीले क्या कहते है ?
उत्तर      स्तूप
प्रश्न 28. जैन धर्म के प्रथम तीर्थकार कौन थे ?
उत्तर     ऋषिभदेव
प्रश्न 29. जैनवाद में पूर्ण ज्ञान को क्या कहा जाता है ?
उत्तर     कैवल्य
प्रश्न 30. जैनो कौन सा वर्ग सिर्फ सफ़ेद कपडे पहनता है ?
उत्तर   श्वेताम्बर
प्रश्न 31. बौद्ध धर्म को ग्रहण करने वाली प्रथम महिला थी ?
उत्तर    गोतमी
प्रश्न 32. बौद्ध धर्म द्वारा भिक्षुणी संघ कि स्थापना कहाँ की गयी थी ?
उत्तर    वैशाली
प्रश्न 33. बुद्धवाद और जैनवाद विरोधी आंदोलन आवस्यक रूप से किसके विरुद्ध थे ?
उत्तर     राजाओ तथा प्रभावशालियों के नियमो के
प्रश्न 34. जैन धर्म किस पर बल देता है ?
उत्तर     ज्ञान प्राप्ति
प्रश्न 35. बौद्ध शिक्षा का वर्णन किसमे मिलता है ?
उत्तर    त्रिपिटक में




Vedic civilization question and answers

 Some important question of vedic period
  • Who were the actual Aryans?
Ans. It has been shown in which sometime during the past Indians as well as Europeans probably contributed perhaps the most common residence some time within central Parts of asia, in your community across the Caspian Ocean. People of these areas have been known as Aryans.
  • In which do the actual Aryans to begin with work out within The Indian subcontinent?
Ans. Punjab.
  • By where the Aryans reached The Indian subcontinent?
Ans. Main Parts of Asia.
  • Just what have been the earliest literature of the Aryans?
Ans. Vedas.
  • How many Vedas is there?
Ans. Four the actual Rigveda, the actual Samaveda, the actual Vajurveda along with the Athervaveda.
  • Which usually one of several Vedas is the oldest?
Ans. This Rigveda, it has 1028 mantras as well as hymns.
  • Do you know the Brahmans?
Ans. This Brahmans are usually Aryans, strict literatures. They're treatise around the Vedas. There're within prose as well as reveal the actual hymns of the Vedas towards the common persons.
  • Do you know the Aranyakas?
Ans. This Aranyakrs will be the deciding aspects of the actual Brahmans. We were looking at particularly written to the hermits surviving in the actual forested acres.
  • Do you know the Upanishads?
Ans. This Upanishads manage the actual philosophical inquiries such as genuine characteristics involving god as well as internal.
  • Do you know the Puranas?
Ans. This puranas have been the actual aged strict textbooks of the Aryans. There're 18 within amount. This Bhagwat Puranas along with the Vishnu Puranas will be the critical.
  • Do you know the epics?
Ans. This Ramayan along with the Mahabharat will be the a couple great epics of the Aryans.
  • That do construct the actual Ramayana?
Ans. Rishi Valmiki. This specific epic describes living along with the great, deeds involving Adept Rama.
  • That wrote the actual Mahabharat?
 Ans. Rishi Vyas. This specific epic describes the actual war between the Pandavas along with the Kauravas.
  • What sort of ebook is 'Ashtadhyayi' as well as whom wrote the idea?
 Ans. Ashtadhyayi is usually a well-known ebook on Sanskrit syntax, Panini wrote this particular ebook.
  • Just what can the phrase Vid' mean?
Ans. Knowledge.
  • On which water standard bank the actual Rigveda was written?
 Ans. Saraswati Water.
  • During the Vedic period that water had been thought to be essentially the most holy a single? 
Ans. Saraswati Water.
  • This Rigveda is partioned straight into twenty Mandalas. Which usually Manda will be the oldest?
 Ans. The other along with the 7th Mandalas.
  • Pertaining to what exactly the majority of the competitions involving Aryans have been fought against?
Ans. Pertaining to cows.
  • Who was simply the pinnacle of the loved ones while in Vedic period?
 Ans. Grihapati.
  • The thing that was the actual Gram (village) while in Vedic period?
Ans. Numerous family members arranged with each other as well as produced some sort of gram.
  • Who was simply the pinnacle of the Gram while in Vedic period?
Ans. Gramini.
  • The thing that was the actual Vish (clan) while in Vedic period?
Ans. A small grouping of communities had been known as Vish.
  • Who was simply the actual headman of the Vish?
Ans. Vishpati.
  • The thing that was the actual Jana while in vedic period?
Ans. A lot of Vish signed up with with each other as well as produced some sort of Jana or a
  • Who was simply the actual headman of the Jana as well as group?
 Ans. Rajan (king).
  • Who was simply the actual adviser of the full during the Vedic period?
 Ans. Purohit.
  • Who was simply the actual commander of the military while in Vedic period?
  Ans. Senani.
  • Who were both great Purohits while in Vedic period?
Ans. Vashishtha as well as Visvamitra.
  • Who was simply the actual team innovator of the knight while in Vedic period?
 Ans. Gramini, he or she additionally served the actual full in the government of the communities.
  • The thing that was the actual Sabha while in Vedic period?
Ans. It was a good offering their advice to set up of the full. It was the actual council involving elders whom utilized to supply assistance towards the full.
  •  The thing that was the actual Samiti while in Vedic period?
Ans. It was a good offering their advice to set up of the full and it had been the actual nationwide set up of the total persons.
  • Just what have been the actual gardening solutions while in Vedic period?
Ans. Barley, whole wheat as well as rice.
  • That had been the most used dieties of the earlier Aryans?
Ans. Indira as well as Varuna.
  • Which usually gods grew to become notable while in after Vedic grow older?
Ans. Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Rama as well as Krishna.
  • Throughout the number of Varnas the actual Aryan Culture had been partioned?
Ans. Four Varnas the actual Brahmanas, the actual Kshatriyas, the actual Vaishyas along with the Sudras.
  • Just what have been the leading foods of the Aryans?
 Ans. Rice, barley, take advantage of as well as milk products have been the leading food­stuffs of the Aryans.
  • Just what alcohol, the actual Aryans had taken because beverage while in strict events as well as joyful situations?
 Ans. Somaras.
  • The thing that was the positioning involving ladies during the earlier Vedic Time period?
Ans. The ladies appreciated a top status within society. There was clearly an-system no child-marriage.   Widow remarriage had been granted sati technique would not can be found,
  • The thing that was the positioning involving ladies while in after Vedic period?
Ans. During the after Vedic period ladies lost much of their placement as well as liberties                appreciated while in earlier Vedic period.
  • Pertaining to the number of decades their early vedic period lasted?
Ans. Pertaining to 500 decades. (1500 T. G. in order to 1000 T. G. )
  • Pertaining to the number of decades the actual after vedic period lasted?
Ans. Pertaining to four hundred decades. (1000 T. G. in order to six-hundred T. G. )
  • During the Vedic period no matter whether ladies have been allowed to show up at the actual Sabha as well as Samiti as well as certainly not?
Ans. Women of all ages weren't allowed to show up at these kind of councils.
  • Who were the actual Indo-Aryans?
Ans. The-Aryans whom reached The indian subcontinent, are usually known as Indo-Aryans,
  • Who was simply the actual maker involving Vedic World?
Ans. Aryans.
  • Why Vedic World is also referred to as Aryan- World?
 Ans. As the Aryans have been the actual maker on this civilization.
  • What kind of civilization had been Vedic World?
 Ans. Farm civilization.
  • Precisely what is the source involving details about Vedic World?
 Ans. This Rigveda.
  • Just what can the term 'Aryan' mean?
Ans. The truly great.
  • That resource the details with regards to Vedic World may be proven?
Ans. In Rigveda.
  •  Which usually language had been utilized by Indo-Aryans?
Ans. Sanskrit.
  • Through which language the actual Vedas happen to be written?
Ans. Sanskrit.
  • Which usually dog had utmost effect while in vedic period?
Ans. Moose.
  • Associating that dog do the actual Aryans reached The indian subcontinent?
Ans. Moose.
  • Which usually material the actual Aryans had conceived?
Ans. Metal
  • That resource "Satyameva Jayate" may be taken?
Ans. Mundkopanishad.

Vedic civilization Question and Answer in Hindi


प्रशन 1 . भारत में आर्य कब आये ?
उत्तर     1500-1000  ई. पू.
प्रशन 2 . आर्य लोग भारत कहा से आये ?
उत्तर     मध्य एशिया से।
प्रश्न 3.  आर्य भारत में किस रूप में आये ?
उत्तर   आक्र्रमणकारी
प्रशन 4. कौनसा वेद सबसे पुराना है
उत्तर।  ऋग्वेद।
प्रशन 5. ऋग्वैदिक आर्य किस भाषा का प्रयोग करते थे ?
उत्तर     संस्कृत भाषा
प्रशन 6.  ऋग्वेद में सबसे पवित्र नदी थी ?
उत्तर     सरस्वती
प्रशन 7.  शास्त्रीय संगीत के सिद्दांतों कि विवेचना किस वेद में कि गयी ?
उत्तर     सामवेद
प्रशन 8  जादू टोना कि विवेचना किस वेद में कि गयी ?
उत्तर   अथर्ववेद
प्रशन 9  वैदिक युग के लोगो द्वारा सर्वप्रथम किस धातु का प्रयोग किया गया ?
उत्तर    ताम्बा
प्रश्न 10. प्राचीन हिन्दू विधि का लेखक किसे कहा जाता है ?
उत्तर    मनु को
प्रश्न 11. हिन्दू विधि पर पुस्तक मिताश्शरा किस ने लिखी ?
उत्तर    विज्ञानेश्वर
प्रश्न 12. वैदिक युग में कोनसा विवाह स्वीकृत था ?
उत्तर    अनुलोम
प्रशन 13. स्कन्द पुराण में गढ़वाल को किस नाम से जाना जाता था ?
उत्तर      केदारखण्ड
प्रश्न 14  शब्द निष्क का अर्थ वैदिक काल में आभूषण था, जिसका अर्थवाद में प्रयोग किस रूप में हुआ ?
उत्तर    सिक्का
प्रश्न 15.  शक पंचांग का प्रथम मास कोनसा होता है ?
उत्तर      चैत्र
प्रश्न16.   शक सम्मत पर आधारित  रास्ट्रीय पंचांग का अंतिम महीना कौन सा होता है ?
उत्तर    फालगुन
प्रश्न17.  ऋग्वेद में वर्णित देवताओ में सबसे प्रमुख देवता कौन सा था ?
उत्तर     इन्द्र
प्रश्न 18. किस देवता के लिए ऋग्वेद में पुरंदर शब्द का प्रयोग किया ?
उत्तर     इन्द्र
प्रश्न19.   सतयमेव जयते शब्द कहा से लिया गया है ?
उत्तर     मण्डूकोपनिषद से
प्रश्न 20. पुराणों कि कुल संख्या कितनी है ?
उत्तर     18.
प्रश्न 21.  गायत्री मंत्र का उल्लेख कहा मिलता है ?
उत्तर     ऋग्वेद में
प्रश्न22.   शक संवत जो 78 ई. प्रारम्भ हुआ, इसका प्रवर्तक कोन था ?
उत्तर     कनिष्क
प्रश्न 23. वैदिक धर्म का मुख्या  लक्षण किसकी उपासना थी ?
उत्तर     प्रकर्ति की
प्रश्न 24. ऋग्वेदिक कल में आर्यो का प्रमुख व्यवसाय क्या था ?
उत्तर    पशुपालन
प्रश्न 25. वैदिक साहित्य में प्रयुक्त ब्रीहि शब्द का अर्थ क्या था ?
उत्तर     चावल
प्रश्न 26. पाणिनी किस विषय के प्रसिद विद्वान थे ?
उत्तर     भाषा और व्याकरण के  

 

Indus valley Civilization Question and Answer in Hindi

indus vally civilization
प्रश्न 1 .    पुरा पाषाण कल में आदिमानव  के मनोरंजन साधन क्या क्या थे ?
उत्तार :      शिकार 
प्रशन 2      नवपाषाण काल के लोगो द्वारा पला गया प्रथम पशु था ?
उत्तर  :     भेड़ 
प्रशन 3     सबसे पहले कौन सा हड़प्पाकालीन स्थल खोजा गया था ?
उत्तर       हड़प्पा 
प्रशन 4 .   सिन्धु घाटी अनार्य सभ्यता थी क्योकि -----
उत्तर  :     यह एक शहरी सभ्यता थी 
प्रशन5 :    हड़प्पा की सभ्यता किस से संबंधित है?
 उत्तर  :    कस्य  युग 
प्रशन6 :     सिन्धु घाटी  सभ्यता के लोग किस कि पूजा करते थे ?
उत्तर  :     पशुपति 
प्रशन7 :     हड़प्पा संस्कृति की मुद्राओं एव पक्की मिटटी की कलाकृतियों में किन  पशुओ   चित्रण  किया गया है?
उत्तर  :     हाथी, बाघ , हिरन , गेंडा तथा भैस
प्रश्न 8  :   किस विद्दान ने सर्वप्रथम  हड़प्पा सभ्यता कि खोज कि ?
उत्तर  :     ए. कनिंघम
प्रशन 9 :   सिंधु घाटी की सभ्यता और वैदिक सभ्यता में प्रमुख अंतर है ?
उत्तर       पहली नगरिया थी , जबकि दूसरी ग्रामीण
प्रशन10.  सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता विकसित कब हुई ?
उत्तर :     2500 -1750 ई. पू. के दोहरान।
प्रश्न  11. सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता की लिपि थी ?
उत्तर :     अभी तक पहचानी नही गयी है।
प्रश्न  12.  किसे मृतको का टीला कहा जाता है ?
उत्तर :     मोहनजोदड़ो को
प्रश्न 13.   मोहनजोदड़ो कहा स्थित है ?
उत्तर       सिन्ध
प्रश्न 14 .  हड़प्पाकालीन सभ्यता का विशाल कोठार (अनाज संग्रहण करने का स्थान )कहा मिला ?
उत्तर       मोहनजोदड़ो।
प्रश्न 15.   सिन्धु सभ्यता का वृहद स्नानागार किस स्थल  गया है?
उत्तर       मोहनजोदड़ो।
प्रश्न 16.   सिंधु घटी सभ्यता के अवशेष प्राप्त लोगो का प्रमुख धन्धा क्या था ?
उत्तर       कृषि
प्रश्न 17.   सिंधु घाटी सभ्यता का  है ?
उत्तर :      लोथल
प्रशन :18 . कौन सा स्थल भारत में नहीं है ?
उत्तर        हड़प्पा
प्रशन 19.   हड़प्पा सभ्यता का कौन सा स्थल भारत में नहीं है ?
उत्तर       बालकोट
प्रश्न 20.   हड़प्पन लोगो को किसकी जानकारी नहीं थी ?
उत्तर       लोहा
प्रशन 21.  सिन्धु घाटी कि सभ्यता को आर्य पूर्व सभ्यता , किसके प्रमाण मिलने के कारण  से कहा जाता है ?
उत्तर       बर्तन
प्रशन 22.  सिन्धु  सभ्यता के लोगो के घर बने होते थे ?
उत्तर       पक्की ईटो के
प्रशन 23.  सिन्धु घाटी का ज्ञान मिलता है ?
उत्तर       पुरातात्विक उत्खनन से।
प्रशन 24.  मानव द्वारा सबसे पहले किस धातु का प्रयोग किया गया ?
उत्तर        तांबा।
प्रशन 25 .  सिन्धु सभ्यता का पतन नगर है
उत्तर        लोथल  

The Indus Valley Civilization Question& answer

The Indus Valley Civilization 

The main Characteristic of the Indus Valley Civilization was--
          Ans. Planning and system. 
To that age the Indus valley Civilization belongs?
         Ans. Neolithic Age
 which metals were largely create the tools and weapons of Harappa Civilization? 
           Ans.  Copper and bronze.
Who published the first Harappan seal?
         Ans. Alexander Cunningham 
Indus Valley Civilization covered which modern day Indian states?
          Ans. Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Punjab
Which metal was not known to the Harappan people?
          Ans. Iron
At which places in Indus Valley Civilization rice husks have been found?
         Ans. Lothal and Rangpur.
Who discovered the Indus site, Harappa ?
          Ans. Dayaram Sahni 
The Indus Valley Civilization extended-
          Ans. from Balochistan to Gujarat.
which God the people of Indus Valley civilization was worshiped ?
         Ans. Pasupati 

40 important questions on Indian Constitution

 1. When was the Constituent Assembly convened ?
Answer: 1946
2. When was the first session of the Constituent Assembly held ?
Answer: 9 December, 1946
3. Under which Plan was the Constituent Assembly constituted ?
Answer: Cabinet Mission Plan
4. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly ?
Answer: Dr. Rajandra Prasad
5. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee ?
Answer: B R. Ambedkar
6. When was the drafting of the Indian Constitution completed and adopted ?
Answer: 26 November, 1949
7. When was the Constitution of India put into effect ?
Answer: 26 January ,1950
8. Since when India became a Republic ?
Answer:26 January, 1950
9. Who was the first President of the India ?
Answer: Dr. Rajendra Prasad
10. Who was the first Vice- President of the Indian Union ?
Answer: Radhakrishnan
11. Who was the first Prime Minister of the Indian Union ?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
12. Who was the last Governor- General (Viceroy) of British India ?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
13. Who was the first Governor- General of Independent India ?
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
14. When adopted the National Flag of India ?
Answer: July 21st 1947 by The Constituent Assembly
15. Who set forth the main objectives of the Constituent Assembly in the form of the Objective Resolution ?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
16. How many articles are there in the Indian Constitution ?
Answer: 448 Articles
17. How many Fundamental Rights have been guaranteed by the Indian Constitution ?
Answer: 6(six)
18. How many Fundamental Duties have been assigned to the citizens of India ?
Answer: 10(ten)
19. Who appoints the Prime minister of India ?
Answer: The President of India
20. How is the President of India elected ?
Answer: Every elected member of the legislative assembly of a State shall have as many votes as there are multiples of one thousand in the quotient obtained by dividing the population of the state by the total number of elected members of the Assembly;
21. What is the name of the Upper House of the Indian Parliament?
Answer: Rajya Sabha
22. What is the name of the Lower House of the Indian Parliament?
Answer: Lok Sabha
23. Who presides over the session of the Lok Sabha?
Answer: The Speaker
24. Who presides over the session of the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: The Vice-President of India
25. which article give special status to Jammu & Kashmir ?
Answer: Article 370
26. Who appoints the Governors of States?
Answer: The President of India
27. What is the total number of members in the Lok Sabha?
Answer: 552
28. What is the number of elected members in the Lok Sabha?
Answer: 530
29. How many members constitute the Rajya Sabha?
Answer: 250
30. How are the members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
Answer: Membership is limited to 250 members, 12 of whom are nominated by the President of India for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services.
31. who designed rupee symbol?
Answer: symbol’s adoption in July 2010 by D Udaya Kumar
32. who designed Indian flag ?
Answer: The Indian national flag was designed in 1916 by Pingali Venkayya from Vijayawada
33. What is the tenure of Lok Sabha?
Answer: 5 years
34. Which is the highest Judicial Court of India?
Answer: The Supreme Court
35. How many Judges constitute the Supreme Court?
Answer: 30 Judges
36. How many times till 2013 the Parliamentary Elections have been held?
Answer: 15 times
37. A citizen of how many years of age can cast vote?
Answer: 18 years
38. How many Indian Territories are there in the Indian Union?
Answer: 7 (seven)
39. How many times (January 2013) Indian Constitution has been amended?
Answer: 98 times
40. How many high court in India
Answer:  India's unitary judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India at the national level, for the entire country and the 24 High Courts at the State & Union territory level.

apple iphone 5s features

apple iphone 5s features
With a new fingerprint identity sensor, a 64-bit A7 chip, a faster, better iSight camera, and ultra-fast wireless.
General  
Release date September 2013
Form factor Touchscreen
Dimensions (mm) 123.80 x 58.60 x 7.60
Weight (g) 112.00
Battery capacity (mAh) 1570
Removable battery No
Colours Space Gray, Gold, Silver
SAR value NA
Display  
Screen size (inches) 4.00
Touchscreen Yes
Touchscreen type Capacitive
Resolution 640x1136 pixels
Pixels per inch (PPI) 326
Hardware  
Processor make Apple A7 (64-bit ARMv8)
Internal storage 16GB
Camera  
Rear camera 8-megapixel
Flash Yes
Front camera 1.2-megapixel
Software  
Operating System iOS 7
Java support No
Browser supports Flash No
Connectivity  
Wi-Fi Yes
Wi-Fi standards supported 802.11 a/ b/ g/ n
GPS Yes
Bluetooth Yes, v 4.00
NFC No
Infrared No
DLNA No
Wi-Fi Direct No
MHL Out No
HDMI No
Headphones 3.5mm
FM No
USB No
Charging via Micro-USB No
Proprietary charging connector Yes
Proprietary data connector Yes
Number of SIMs 1
SIM Type Nano-SIM
GSM/ CDMA GSM
2G frequencies supported GSM 850/ 900/ 1800/ 1900
3G Yes
3G frequencies supported 1900, 2100
Sensors  
Compass/ Magnetometer Yes
Proximity sensor Yes
Accelerometer Yes
Ambient light sensor Yes
Gyroscope Yes
Barometer No
Temperature sensor No

Important Amendments of the Indian Constitution

List of Important Amendments of the Indian Constitution 

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uPB_ZzpCCrk/VAjIMRqVsqI/AAAAAAAABQw/11u2kAdlYGE/s1600/constitution%2Bof%2Bindia.png
The Constitution (24th Amendment) Act, 1971: It affirms the ability of the Parliament to amend any a part of the Constitution as well as elementary Rights.

The Constitution (31st Amendment) Act, 1973: Increases the elective strength of the Lok Sabha from 525 to 545. beneath the Act, the higher limit of representatives of the States goes up from five hundred to 525 which of the Union Territories decreases from twenty five to twenty.

The Constitution (36th Amendment) Act, 1975: By this Act, geographic region became the twenty second State of the Indian Union. The Bill received the Presidential assent on might sixteen, 1975 however the Act came into force from Apr twenty five. 1975, the day on that it had been gone the Rajya Sabha.

(The Bill, before being given the Presidential assent, was corrected by the Legislative Assemblies of thirteen States. beneath the Constitution, the change is needed to be corrected by the Legislatures of not but half the States).

The Constitution (37th Amendment) Act, 1975: Was gone the parliament on Apr twenty six, one975 to produce for a assembly and 1 Council of Ministers to Arunachal Pradesh, the country's north-eastern most nation Territory. (Arunachal Pradesh Assernbh office inaugurated on Assumption of Mary, 1975)

Pr Constitution (38th Amendment) Act, 1975: It received essential assent on August 1, 1975. The Act makes the declaration of emergency non-judicial.

Constitution (39th Amendment) Act, 1975: The Bill was passed 1979 on August seven and received Presidential assent on August The Act places on the far side challenge in courts the election to

Parliament of someone holding the workplace of Prime Minister or Speaker and therefore the election of President and Vice-President.

The Constitution (40th Amendment) Act, 1976: This change has three-fold objectives : one. It places on the far side challenge in courts some major Central laws; two. It offers similar protection to many State enactments, principally about land legislation, by as well as them within the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution and three. It provides that the bounds of the water and therefore the maritime zones of Asian country shall be specified  from time to time by laws created by Parliament.

The Constitution (43rd Amendment) Act, 1978: It received the Presidential assent on Apr thirteen, 1978. This Act repealed a number of the provisions of the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act passed throughout the Emergency. It repaired civil liberties by deleting Article 3ID that gave powers to Parliament to curtail organization activity.

This Act, that was corrected by quite half the States, additionally repaired legislative powers to the States to form applicable provision for anti-national activities in keeping with the basic Rights.

Under the Act, the judiciary was additionally repaired to its rightful place. The Supreme Court was given the ability to invalidate State laws, an influence withdrawn by the forty second change Act. The High Courts may additionally investigate the question of constitutional validity of Central laws thereby enabling  persons living in foreign places to get Speedy Justice while not having to return to the Supreme Court.

The Constitution (45th Amendment) Act, 1980: Passed by the Parliament in Jan 1980 seeks to increase reservation of seats for regular Castes and regular Tribes and therefore the illustration of the Anglo- Indians within the Lok Sabha and therefore the State Assemblies for ten years, i.e., upto Jan twenty five, 1990.

The Constitution (46th Amendment) Act, 1982: Passed in July 1982, allows the State Governments to plug loopholes and realise nuisance tax dufes and additionally to achieve some uniformity in iax rates just in case of bound things.

The Constitution (49th Amendment) Act, 1984: The change of 1984 has enabled the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution to be created applicable to the social group areas of the State of Tripura. This change is meant to allow a constitutional security to the autonomous District Council functioning within the State.

The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985: The act has made defection to a different party, when elections bootleg. Any member defecting to a different party when elections are disqualified from being member of Parliament or State legislative assembly.

The Constitution (53rd Amendment) Act, 1986: It confers Statehood on Mizoram and ensures against spare interference by the Central Government by the laws relative to spheres of social relationship and community conduct applicable to Mizoram.

The Constitution (54th Amendment) Act, 1986: It enhances the salaries of Judges of High Courts and Supreme Court of Asian country. The wage of judge of Supreme Court of Asian country are Rs. 10,000; judge of High Courts Rs. 9,000/-. Judges of Supreme Court Rs. 9,000/- and Judges of High Courts Rs. 8,000

The Constitution (55th Amendment) Act, 1987: It grants Statehood to Arunachal Pradesh that consequently became the twenty fourth State of the Indian Union.

The Constitution (56th Amendment) Act, 1987: It confers Statehood on state and forms a brand new Union Territory of Daman and Diu. state therefore became the twenty fifth State of the Indian Republic.

The Constitution (57th Amendment) Act, 1987: It created a special provision for the fixing of the new State of state. Consequently Daman and Diu were separated from the previous to create a Union Territory.

The Constitution (58th Amendment) Act, 1988: It provides for special arrangements with relevancy reservation of seats for regular Tribes within the State of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya. By amending Article 322 the adjustment of seats has been frozen till 2000 A.D.

The Constitution (59th Amendment) Act, 1988: It sceptered the Central Government to impose Emergency in Punjab once deemed necessary. beneath the change, President's rule will be extended upto 3 years. Earlier most amount was 2 years.

The Constitution (61st Amendment) Act, 1989: It down the age from twenty one to eighteen.

The Constitution (62nd Amendment) Act, 1989: It provided for the extension by another ten years of reservation of seats within the Parliament and State Assemblies for the regular Castes and Tribes and reservation for Anglo Indian Community by nomination.

The Constitution (63rd Amendment) Act, 1989: It repealed change fifty nine that sceptered the govt to impose emergency in Punjab.

The Constitution (64th Amendment) Act, 1990: It extended the President's rule Punjab by six months.

The Constitution (66th Amendment) Act, 1990: To bring land reforms at intervals the reach of ninth Schedule of the Constitution.

The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991: Delhi created metropolis Region. The Act additionally created provision for assembly and a council of ministers for metropolis.

The Constitution (70th Amendment) Act, 1992: Before this act was created Article fifty four about the election of the President provided for associate body consisting solely of the elective  members of Parliament also because the legislative assemblies of the States (not of Union Territories).

The change offer for inclusion of members of legislative assembly of Pondicherry and metropolis.

The Constitution (71st Amendment) Act, 1992: The act amends the eighth Schedule to the Constitution to incorporate Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali Languages within the eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

The Constitution (72nd Amendment) Act, 1992: Article 332 amended to work out the quantity of reserved seats for STs within the State Assembly of Tripura, till readjustment of seats created on the premise of census 2000.

The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1993: Part IX about Panchayats inserted within the constitution to produce Gram Sabha, constitution of panchayats at village and different levels, direct elections to any or all seats, fixing the tenures, reservation for SC, ST and thirty third seats for girls etc.

The Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1993: A new half IX- A about Municipalities, i.e., Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils and Municipal firms.

The Constitution (75th Amendment) Act, 1994: Article 332 (Part XIV-A) amended to allow timely relief to the rent litigants by setting-up State-level Rent Tribunals to cut back the tiers of appeals, and to exclude jurisdiction of all courts except Supreme Court beneath Act 136.

The Constitution (76th Amendment) Act, 1994: This Act aims at the reservation of seats in instructional establishments and reservation of appointments or posts publically services for Backward categories, SCs and STs. The Supreme Court, on sixteenth Nov., 1992 dominated that the whole reservation beneath Article 16(4) shouldn't exceed five hundredth.

The Constitution (77th Amendment) Act, 1995: Article 16(4A) provides reservation in promotion for the SC and therefore the ST.

The Constitution (78th Amendment) Act, 1995: The amendments to Acts placed within the ninth Schedule square measure insusceptible from legal challenge, through variety of amending Acts beside some principal Acts so its implementation becomes sleek.

The Constitution (79th Amendment) Act, 1999: Extended the reservations for SC/ST in services as additionally nomination of two Anglo-Indians to Lok Sabha up to 2010.

The Constitution (80th Amendment) Act, 2000: Related to the distribution between the Centre and therefore the States whereby States over­all share was accumulated to twenty sixth as per the Tenth Finance Commission's recommendations.

The Constitution (81st Amendment) Act, 2000: Related to carrying forward backlog vacancies of regular Castes and regular Tribes.

The Constitution (82nd Amendment) Act, 2000: Related to relaxation in qualifying marks and reservation of posts in super speciality courses in Medical and Engineering disciplines, etc. for regular Castes/ Tribes etc. (Both 81st & 82nd amendments were created in replacing of Supreme Court's judgements).

The Constitution (83rd Amendment) Act, 2000: Related to the reservation of seats beneath Panchayati rule in Arunachal Pradesh.

The Constitution (84th Amendment) Act, 2000: Related to making of recent States of Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh and Uttaranchal.

The Constitution (85th Amendment) Act, 2001: Amended Article 16(4A) to produce for of import seniority in promotion by virtue of rule of reservation for the. Government servants happiness to the regular Castes and therefore the regular Tribes.

The Constitution (86th Amendment) Act, 2002: Provides for (i) insertion of a brand new article 21A that the State shall offer free and obligatory education to any or all kids of the age of six to 14 years in such manner because the state might, by law, determine.

The Constitution (87th Amendment) Act, 2003: This Article provides that in Article eighty one of the Constitution, in clause (3), within the provision, in clause (ii), for the figures "1991", the figures "2001" shall be substituted.

The Constitution (88th Amendment) Act, 2003: This Article provides for the insertion of a brand new article 268A that states that taxes on services shall be levied by the govt of {india|India|Republic of Asian country|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} and such tax shall be collected and condemned by the govt of India and therefore the States within the manner provided in clause (2).

The Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003: This Article provides for the change of Article 338 and insertion of a brand new article 338A that provides that there shall be a National Commission for ST.

The Constitution (90 Amendments) Act, 2003: This change given that for elections to the assembly of the State of Assam, the illustration of the regular Tribes and non-Scheduled Tribes within the constituencies enclosed within the Bodoland Territorial Areas District, therefore notified, and existing before the constitution of the Bodoland Territorial Areas District, shall be maintained.

The Constitution (91st Amendment) Act, 2003: This Article provides that the whole variety of Ministers, as well as the Prime Minister, within the Council of Ministers shall not exceed fifteen per cent of the whole variety members of the House of the individuals.

The Constitution (92nd Amendment) Act, 2003: This Article provides for the inclusion of 4 new language, viz. Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali within the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

The Constitution (93rd Amendment) Act, 2005: In this change, a provision has been inserted that the State (i.e. Parliament or different legislatures) will create laws for the advancement of the SC, ST or the OBCs of voters in matters of admission to instructional establishments, as well as personal unaided establishments.

The Constitution (94th Amendment) Act, 2006: This article provides that in article 164 of the Constitution, in clause (1), within the provision, for the word "Bihar", the words "Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand" shall be substituted.

The Constitution (95th Amendment) Act, 25 January 2010: To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years



The Constitution (96th Amendment) Act, 23 September 2011: Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya"

The Constitution (97th Amendment) Act, 12 January 2012: Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e., The Co-operative Societies.
                        The amendment objective is to encourage economic activities of cooperatives which in turn help progress of rural India. It is expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the management to the members and other stakeholders.


The Constitution (98th Amendment) Act, 2 January 2013: To empower the Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region. 

Important Articles of the Indian Constitution:

 some important Articles of the Indian Constitution

Indian constitution is the largest constitution in the world it contains originally 395 Articles, 22 parts, and 8 schedule. And presently it has 448 articles, 22 parts, and 12 schedules.
Ø Part 1- Art. 1 to art. 4:
· Art.1- Name and territory of the union.
· Art.2 - Admission and Establishment of the new state.
· Art.3- Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, and name of existing states.


Ø Part 2- Art. 5 to art. 11:
· Art.5 - Citizenship at the commencement of the constitution.
· Art.6- Rights of citizenship of certain person who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
· Art.10- continuance of rights of citizenship.
· Art.11- Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
 

Ø Part 3- Art.12 to art.35
· Art.12- Definition of the state
· Art.13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
Originally, constitution provided for 7 basic fundamental rights, now there is only six rights, one Right to property U/A 31 was deleted from the list of fundamental rights by 44th amendment act 1978. It made a legal right U/A 300-A in Part XII of the constitution.
Some important Fundamental Rights are as:


· Right to Equality: Art. 14 to Art. 18
· Art.14- Equality before the law.
· Art.15- Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex. Or place of birth.
· Art.16- Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
· Art.17- Abolition of the untouchability.
· Art.18- Abolition of titles

· Right to Freedom: Art. 19 to art. 22
· Art.19 guarantees to all the citizens the six rights
· (a) Right to freedom of speech and expression.
· (b) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.
· (c) Right to form associations or unions.
· (d) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.

· (e) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
· (f) Right to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, and business.
· Art.20- Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
· Art.21-Protection of life and personal liberty.
· Art .22- Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.


· Right against Exploitation: Art.23 & art. 24
· Art. 23- Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
· Art.24- Prohibition of employment of children in factories and mines. Under age of 14.


Ø Right to Freedom of Religion: Art.25 to art. 28
· Art.25- Freedom of conscience and free profession , practice and propagation of religion.
· Art.26- Freedom to manage religious affairs.
· Art.27- Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
· Art.28- Freedom from attending religious instruction.


Ø Cultural and Educational Rights:Art.29 & art. 30
· Art. 29- Protection of interest of minorities.
· Art.30- Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Ø Art.32- Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

Ø Part.4 Directive Principal of states Policy: Art 36 to art. 51
· Art.36- Definition
· Art.37- Application of DPSP
· Art.39A- Equal justice and free legal aid
· Art.40- Organisation of village panchayat
· Art.41- Right to work , to education, and to public assistance in certain cases
· Art.43- Living Wages, etc. for Workers.
· Art.43A- Participation of workers in management of industries.
· Art.44- Uniform civil code.( applicable in Goa only)
· Art.45- Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
· Art.46- Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST,and OBC.
· Art.47-Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public heath.
· Art.48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry.
· Art.49- Protection of monuments and places and objects of natural importance.
· Art.50- Separation of judiciary from executive.
· Art.51- Promotion of international peace and security.


· Fundamental Duties: Part IV-A- Art 51A
· It contains, originally 10 duties, now it contains 11 duties by 86th amendments act 2002.
· Part.5- The Union Executive:
· Art.52- The President of india
· Art.53- Executive Power of the union.
· Art.54- Election of President
· Art.61- Procedure for Impeachment of the President.
· Art.63- The Vice-president of India.
· Art.64- The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman the council of States.
· Art.66-Election of Vice-president.
· Art.72-Pradoning powers of President.
· Art.74- Council of minister to aid and advice President.
· Art.76- Attorney-General for India.
· Art.79- Constitution of Parliament
· Art.80- Composition of Rajya Sabha.
· Art.81- Composition of Lok Sabha.
· Art.83- Duration of Houses of Parliament.
· Art.93- The speakers and Deputy speakers of the house of the people.
· Art.105- Powers, Privileges,etc of the House of Parliament.
· Art.109- Special procedure in respects of money bills
· Art.110- Definition of “Money Bills”.
· Art.112- Annual Financial Budget.
· Art.114-Appropriation Bills.
· Art.123- Powers of the President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of parliament.
· Art.124- Establishment of Supreme Court.
· Art.125- Salaries of Judges.
· Art.126- Appointment of acting Chief justice.
· Art.127- Appointment of ad-hoc judges.
· Art.128-Attendence of retired judge at sitting of the Supreme Court.
· Art.129- Supreme court to be court of Record.
· Art.130- Seat of the Supreme court.
· Art.136- Special leaves for appeal to the Supreme Court.
· Art.137- Review of judgements or orders by the Supreme court.
· Art.141-Decision of the Supreme Court binding on all the courts.
· Art.148- Comptroller and Auditor- General of India
· Art.149- Duties and Powers of CAG.
· Art.153- Governors of State
· Art.154- Executive Powers of Governor.
· Art.161- Pardoning powers of the Governor.
· Art.165-Advocate-General of the State.
· Art.213- Power of Governor to promulgate ordinances.
· Art.214- High Courts for states.
· Art.215- High Courts to be court of record.
· Art.226- Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
· Art.233- Appoinment of District judges.
· Art.235- Control over Sub-ordinate Courts.
· Art.243A- Gram Sabha
· Art.243B- Constitution of Panchayats
· Art.280- Finance Commission
· Art.300-A- Right to property.
· Art.301-Freedom to trade, commerce, and intercourse.
· Art.302- Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commersce, and intercourse.
· Art.312- All- India-Service.
· Art.315- Public service commissions for the union and for the states
· Art.320- Functions of Public Service Commission.
· Art.323A- Administrative Tribunals
· Art.324-Superintendence, direction and control of Elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
· Art.325- No person to be ineligible for inclusion in or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste, or sex.
· Art.326- Elections to the house of the people and to the legislative assemblies of states to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
· Art.338- National Commission for the SC, & ST.
· Art.340- Appointment of a commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
· Art.343- Official languages of the Union.
· Art.345- Official languages or languages of a states.
· Art.348- Languages to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts.
· Art.351-Directive for development of the Hindi languages.
· Art.352- Proclamation of emergency ( National Emergency).
· Art.356- State Emergency
· Art.360- Financial Emergency
· Art.361- Protection of President and Governors
· Art.368- Powers of Parliaments to amend the constitution.
· Art.370-Special provision of J&K.
· Art.393-Constituion of India.
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